6 F, P+ k& t9 T9 N公仔箱論壇對梅鐸而言,他的傳媒帝國不管是報章或電視都不僅僅是生財工具,更是他的政治工具,用以左右政局,擴大影響力。梅鐸旗下的《太陽報》,《泰晤士報》近三十年來在英國政壇呼風喚雨,誰想上台執政,誰要當下屆首相都不能不討好他,都不能不得到他的支持。九二年選前工黨本來形勢大好,很有機會藉經濟低迷擊敗保守黨,中止十三年在野的厄運。只是黨領袖金諾克(Neil Kinnock)不肯賣梅鐸的賬,梅鐸也對金諾克這類老派工黨成員有戒心,不想他成為首相。於是他旗下的「大炮」特別是銷量最高的《太陽報》不斷向金諾克發炮,把他打成冥頑不靈的共產黨殘餘,把他描繪成陰險、不可信、反覆的小人;而保守黨的馬卓安則被說成是誠實可靠的鄰居。在形同洗腦的敵意宣傳下,工黨的優勢逐步縮小,到大選時更反勝為敗,讓保守黨繼續執政,金諾克則要黯然辭去工黨領袖位置。 2 Y ]. h3 j2 M3 V1 ` - V9 h% A6 Y' D公仔箱論壇吸取了這個可怕的經驗,九四年成為工黨領袖的貝理雅上位後第一時間改善跟梅鐸的關係,全力討好這位傳媒大亨。果然,梅鐸覺得 New Labour的掌舵人孺子可教,又感到保守黨已在位太久,受人厭棄,毅然決定支持工黨。大選前夕,《太陽報》就公開呼籲讀者及選民支持工黨,最終貝理雅及白高敦的新工黨順利大勝,入主唐寧街十號、十一號長達十三年。6 K' P/ T7 g( y
/ o, r. g' o$ `9 q0 d/ y對英國政壇朝野來說,梅鐸可說是全國影響力以至權力最大的人,比女皇、首相還要厲害,是百分百的造王者( king maker),誰也不想得罪他及他的親信,大家甚至盡可能討好、吸納梅鐸手下紅人為自己服務。醜聞主角布魯克斯的副手幾年前就被保守黨領袖卡梅倫聘為傳訊顧問,後來更成為首相府發言人!tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb5 x/ g) M1 c+ r
* x' B, z* ]& l2 r. RTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。不過，就傳媒經營上，梅鐸可說是前無古人的奇才，出身傳媒世家，他對新聞工作有狂熱的愛好，雖然他成為大亨后在「新聞操守」方面劣評無數，在傳媒人中間亦有臭名（比如，收購《倫敦周日時報》時公開承諾給予總編輯、著名報人伊凡士（后封爵）最大的「新聞自主權」，但不數月便把他解雇），惟英國新聞界公認他不算是最差的傳媒老板，因為比他更斤斤計較事事講求邊際利潤及對新聞工作缺乏興趣遑論熱誠的傳媒老板大有人在……。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 l& R6 H! w9 q! W1 V: d# L) j
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二、 ( Q& {" `/ a2 h# O$ |tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb & L+ O" h+ b0 ` W# t6 K! f「新聞集團」如今市值近五百億美元，是世上第三大傳媒集團，其能迅速膨脹、不斷擴張，全憑梅鐸的魄力和獨特的財技。他視暢銷的報章刊物為創造流動現金的「印鈔機」（港人都知道在報業全盛時期「印報紙」是「印銀紙」的同義詞），由於天天有現金流入，等於梅鐸有還債的財力，銀行因此對他的貸款需求，幾乎有求必應（當然以其現金流量多寡為計算基准），這令他能不斷在各英語國家進行收購。如今他旗下的報刊，除了不少對老百姓（選民）有重大影響力的所謂「三流小報」（Gutter Press），還有足以左右政情及商業決策的「大報」如《華爾街日報》和《倫敦時報》。值得注意的是，幾乎所有「大報」都賠錢，賺大錢的「小報」因此成為新聞集團的重要財源（新聞集團旗下的「超級大報」《倫敦時報》及《倫敦周日時報》年蝕〔annual losses〕五千萬鎊，全靠《世新》及《太陽報》的盈余挹注）。由於印刷傳媒在網絡興起后，銷量即使不致急挫，亦了無起色，而廣告收益則明顯被網上廣告分薄，這種形勢，令梅鐸除了拓展旗下報章網站之外，尚開始進軍電視及電影這些必然會取代印刷媒體成為最佳現金流來源的媒介……。換句話說，梅鐸頭腦精明，眼光高遠，他從七十年代初期便有效地利用「小報」的大量現金流，向銀行融資而非開新股籌措資金進行廣泛環球性收購，終於締造了一個在英語世界發揮龐大影響力且即使負下巨債仍有不俗盈利的傳媒集團。www2.tvboxnow.com! \! Z6 h ~+ k9 h
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三、 7 Z' E* }! n4 i% c( o" G, ATVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 * p5 X' g) r$ G- M2 Q; J. y收購英國天空廣播（British Sky Broadcasting, BSkyB），梅鐸看中的當然「這是一家一流企業」，但最重要的是天空廣播的巨額現金進賬，去年下半年該公司的營收便達三十二億英鎊，比○九年同期增百分之十強（今年上半年的數據快將公布），目前新聞集團持有該公司約百分之三十九股權，無權支配這筆巨額現金，梅鐸因此心痒難熬，誓欲全面收購。去年新聞集團出價七十八億英鎊（此間電視說一百四十億鎊，恐誤）收購由投資銀行高盛、投資公司Invesco及沙地王子阿爾瓦德持有百分之六十一左右股權，雙方已進行多次磋商、達成協議，只待政府拍板。公仔箱論壇% _7 W2 ^+ X( |/ T. \% L
I. i. @1 u) a# j梅鐸「有恩」於英相卡梅倫，因此這宗足以改變英國電視媒介生態的收購，成功在望，天空廣播已是梅鐸到口的「天鵝肉」，哪知突然爆出《世報》因竊聽而關閉的丑聞，且由於其他「竊聽事件」數以千計，還牽涉該報總編輯批准記者通過私家偵探賄賂公務員的非法行徑，當局已下令組成兩個專責委員會進行徹查，一場傳媒大掃除的運動正在醞釀，導致新聞集團的這項重大收購被叫停，是卡梅倫首相自保之道。卡梅倫曾聘請○七年在一宗令《世新》皇室通訊員及一名私家偵探下獄的竊聽案時該報的總編輯庫爾森（Andy Coulson）為首相府傳媒總監（已因卷入「竊聽案」而於年初辭職），引起外間對卡梅倫與新聞集團「究竟有什麼外人不知的關系」的揣測……。與如日中天的傳媒巨擘友善，「政治加分」，如今梅鐸「大病纏身」，且病灶未明，當然宜疏遠之以求自清。卡梅倫因此必會趁機與梅鐸劃清界線。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。% f# i/ [ { Q1 V6 n; K( k. r1 o
本帖最後由 felicity2010 於 2011-7-12 12:25 PM 編輯 www2.tvboxnow.com6 m2 G" p$ w: e1 C9 F. q, J* i: j
1 A: l K6 t0 r This media is corrupt – we need a Hippocratic oath for journalists d1 T6 |, V. j* u! k l9 btvb now,tvbnow,bttvb George Monbiot The Guardian- s S; e8 w( f' m' v5 N8 e" o( O
# O1 e, \( k" a3 K& J9 K& W! vIs Murdoch now finished in the UK? As the pursuit of Gordon Brown by the Sunday Times and the Sun blows the hacking scandal into new corners of the old man's empire, this story begins to feel like the crumbling of the Berlin Wall. The naked attempt to destroy Brown by any means, including hacking the medical files of his sick baby son, means that there is no obvious limit to the story's ramifications. . X. p5 `) S' I- Z) O7 h8 k% G4 L* pwww2.tvboxnow.com& d' e3 u# b. a8 k! t
The scandal radically changes public perceptions of how politics works,the danger corporate power presents to democracy, and the extent to which it has compromised and corrupted the Metropolitan police, who have now been dragged in so deep they are beginning to look like Murdoch's private army. It has electrified a dozy parliament and subjected the least accountable and most corrupt profession in Britain –journalism – to belated public scrutiny. ! ]9 Y9 p6 ?( x+ w公仔箱論壇TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。/ \$ W! y, w, s7 i2 ]/ B& E. `6 x
The cracks are appearing in the most unexpected places. Look at the remarkable admission by the right wing columnist Janet Daley in this week's Sunday Telegraph. "British political journalism is basically a club to which politicians and journalists both belong," she wrote. "It is this familiarity, this intimacy, this set of shared assumptions … which is the real corruptor of political life. The self-limiting spectrum of what can and cannot be said … the self-reinforcing cowardice which takes for granted that certain vested interests are too powerful to be worth confronting. All of these things are constant dangers in the political life of any democracy." ; ~7 T- n; h, s* U: \tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb公仔箱論壇0 Q2 ?- ^9 B: k# l! L; ]( L& T
Most national journalists are embedded, immersed in the society, beliefs and culture of the people they are meant to hold to account. They are fascinated by power struggles among the elite but have little interest in the conflict between the elite and those they dominate. They celebrate those with agency and ignore those without. 3 F' @5 G5 I* b3 w4 Iwww2.tvboxnow.com& J8 S4 _; Y. i b
But this is just part of the problem. Daley stopped short of naming the most persuasive force: the interests of the owner and the corporate class to which he belongs. The proprietor appoints editors in his own image – who impress their views on their staff. Murdoch's editors, like those who work for the other proprietors, insist that they think and act independently.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。& f$ N3 |0 G5 L4 u9 X: M
; ?4 `2 e: b6 e7 G" Q5 z. Q公仔箱論壇It's a lie exposed by the concurrence of their views (did all 247 News Corp editors just happen to support the invasion of Iraq?), and blown out of the water by Andrew Neil's explosive testimony in 2008 before the Lords select committee on communications. & ^. F" K9 B8 \公仔箱論壇TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。0 s. A/ O$ E" |5 g( p, O6 e& ~" \" x
The papers cannot announce that their purpose is to ventriloquise the concerns of multimillionaires; they must present themselves as the voice of the people. The Sun, the Mail and the Express claim to represent the interests of the working man and woman. These interests turn out to be identical to those of the men who own the papers.www2.tvboxnow.com( p1 o1 p6 v3 `% |3 g
% m! Z% t" X$ G& i, Q7 C! XTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。So the right wing papers run endless exposures of benefit cheats, yet say scarcely a word about the corporate tax cheats. They savage the trade unions and excoriate the BBC. They lambast the regulations that restrain corporate power. They school us in the extrinsic values – the worship of power, money,image and fame – which advertisers love but which make this a shallower, more selfish country. Most of them deceive their readers about the causes of climate change. These are not the obsessions of working people. They are the obsessions thrust upon them by the multimillionaires who own these papers.www2.tvboxnow.com. ~2 u5 w" f. V4 z4 X( M8 W
- |. Z1 P* U, o [4 z# h. yThe corporate media is a gigantic astroturfing operation: a fake grassroots crusade serving elite interests. In this respect the media companies resemble the Tea Party movement, which claims to be a spontaneous rising of blue-collar Americans against the elite but was founded with the help of the billionaire Koch brothers and promoted by Murdoch's Fox News.www2.tvboxnow.com' }% w# C1 U H0 V
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Journalism's primary purpose is to hold power to account. This purpose has been perfectly inverted. Columnists and bloggers are employed as the enforcers of corporate power, denouncing people who criticise its interests,stamping on new ideas, bullying the powerless. The press barons allowed governments occasionally to promote the interests of the poor, but never to hamper the interests of the rich. They also sought to discipline the rest of the media. The BBC, over the last 30 years, became a shadow of the gutsy broadcaster it was, and now treats big business with cringing deference. Every morning at 6.15, the Today programme's business report grants executives the kind of unchallenged access otherwise reserved for God on Thought for the Day.The rest of the programme seeks out controversy and sets up discussions between opponents, but these people are not confronted by their critics.www2.tvboxnow.com6 u( ?! n( S" L- k6 J! ?2 s$ M/ y
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So what can be done? Because of the peculiar threat they present to democracy there's a case to be made for breaking up all majority interests in media companies, and for a board of governors, appointed perhaps by Commons committee, to act as a counterweight to the shareholders' business interests.www2.tvboxnow.com6 q) |; @3 F- w g6 `
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But even if that's a workable idea, it's a long way off. For now, the best hope might be to mobilise readers to demand that journalists answer to them, not just their proprietors. One means of doing this is to lobby journalists to commit themselves to a kind of Hippocratic oath. Here's a rough stab at a first draft. I hope others can improve it. Ideally, I'd like to see the National Union of Journalists building on it and encouraging its members to sign.公仔箱論壇! G) ?; r) s. U! Q
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'Our primary task is to hold power to account. We will prioritise those stories and issues which expose the interests of power. We will be wary of the relationships we form with the rich and powerful, and ensure that we don't become embedded in their society. We will not curry favour with politicians,businesses or other dominant groups by withholding scrutiny of their affairs,or twisting a story to suit their interests.& c2 \/ A- T i# n
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"We will stand up to the interests of the businesses we work for,and the advertisers which fund them. We will never take money for promulgating a particular opinion, and we will resist attempts to oblige us to adopt one.; y! I/ }" w5 x m' H" t6 I$ r
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"We will recognise and understand the power we wield and how it originates. We will challenge ourselves and our perception of the world as much as we challenge other people. When we turn out to be wrong, we will say so." ; x. g+ [$ o# r& G ) k2 D5 P- o8 C9 [5 @" XI accept that this doesn't directly address the power relations that govern the papers. But it might help journalists to assert a measure of independence, and readers to hold them to it. Just as voters should lobby their MPs to represent them and not just the whips, readers should seek to drag journalists away from the demands of their editors. The oath is one possibletool that could enhance reader power.www2.tvboxnow.com" N# ?! O6 ?6 z- `. e7 H
& K$ O& G0 q3 R& R% s: y3 E% |* IIf you don't like it, suggest a better idea. Something has to change:never again should a half a dozen oligarchs be allowed to dominate and corrupt the life of this country.作者: aa00 時間: 2011-7-12 06:51 PM
新聞自由 ≠ 免死金牌 ' d, Q& O, c" ^2 ATVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 www2.tvboxnow.com d1 a! W- [3 I
5 m, g5 U0 c9 s$ K0 V( O. c0 y「5W1H」是選修媒體研究課程，第一天上課講師在第一堂課就告訴學生們，一則新聞內容所包含的最基本元素。 7 b/ C) e$ m* Xwww2.tvboxnow.com tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb/ p2 X5 g" G" V5 k8 g4 R2 t
這5W分別代表了Who,What,When,Where,Why, H則是How。媒體工作者的責任之一就是要將一件新聞事件，當中所涉及的人物，發生了什麼事，時間和地點，以及原因和它是如何發生的，清楚明白的告訴讀者和觀眾。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。: f9 G( o3 c* f* Y. o
0 G3 a, d4 a2 M5 R1 D: W! R在課堂上，講師也告訴學生們，媒體被稱為「無冕之王」，是行政、立法、司法三權外的第四權。所以，媒體的責任亦包括監督政府，用以制衡前三者，避濫權與偏誤的發生。公仔箱論壇, ]0 y, F8 N. Z1 }) M# E
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這時候，講師拋出了個問題「你的受訪者願意接受採訪，對方要求你不能錄音，但是你又要保護你自己，你該怎麼做？」公仔箱論壇7 T |6 t1 m# S+ _# `4 _7 F
本帖最後由 felicity2010 於 2011-7-14 11:17 PM 編輯 公仔箱論壇; X% }* v. M) D1 b. O4 w+ X* h
6 w$ P# o: H6 G1 ~8 D M) Ktvb now,tvbnow,bttvbNews International scandal: The sky falls in 2 ?) A. G% f' x; `$ `www2.tvboxnow.com The Guardian 13 July 2011 ) {1 P# C' o0 y! W1 K公仔箱論壇 3 k* _' y3 T0 m+ {9 _, Q& Fwww2.tvboxnow.com[attach]1426755[/attach]+ h! Z7 @) J! d
: s! M5 o3 J' L$ C) H; n* ?TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。It is a measure of how much has been achieved in this revolutionary week that by the time David Cameron set out details of the inquiry into media and police standards on Wednesday lunchtime, and News Corporation announced it was dropping its bid for BSkyB soon after, both things seemed natural and unavoidable. A wave of public and political contempt is reshaping the landscape. At the start of the month no senior politician dared defy Rupert Murdoch. Now, all of them have. Party leaders united around the terms of the inquiry and the Labour-sponsored Commons debate – itself presaged by the collapse of the deal it had been arranged to condemn.* K9 e: y! h5 K0 A/ C+ l
9 v1 M' `7 S' L$ m+ i0 @tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbYesterday Wednesday brought a drama in four acts. At prime minister's questions Mr Cameron sought unsuccessfully to rid himself of the taint of proximity to the News International executives who oversaw phone hacking, of which more in a moment. In his Commons statement, the prime minister set out the terms of an inquiry into media standards of extraordinary scope and potential. By mid-afternoon, News Corporation pulled the plug on the BSkyB deal: a victory for plurality over the power of a rootless corporation. In particular it was a success for Ed Miliband, whose decision to break with News International has become the definitive act of his leadership so far. Finally, Gordon Brown delivered a powerful speech whose justified moral outrage was only equalled by its divisive consequences in the chamber. 7 d8 X3 R9 I. |' f. v( |tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb3 s: \9 ~" D+ S9 g$ P# M/ w' j
Mr. Brown presented himself in retrospect as a white knight who stood up to the Murdoch empire, only to be let down by the timidity of others. Not everything at the time was like that. The Brown government was far from pure in its dealings with the press. But the former prime minister was on firmer ground when he questioned Mr. Cameron's record. The prime minister's response raised further significant questions about his slapdash approach to phone hacking and the appointment of Andy Coulson as his media adviser. ( Z, q ]9 v! P% r- }TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。4 d* B: P6 F0 Y6 ?% X& z4 D T" e
In February 2010, this paper ran a story which should have given Mr Cameron pause for thought. For legal reasons it contained only limited details of the News of the World's decision, while Mr. Coulson was editor, to employ a private investigator who had served a seven-year sentence for perverting the course of justice and who had been charged with conspiracy to murder. Believing that Mr. Cameron should be made aware in private of the full details, the Guardian passed them to his senior adviser, Steve Hilton.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb; N" u5 I' V( V/ S
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In the Commons, however, Mr. Cameron told MPs that the Guardian passed no significant private information about Mr. Coulson to his staff. That is incorrect. Second, he suggested that the Guardian had been able to put all the significant facts of the story in the public domain at the time. That is incorrect, too. Third, he claimed that the fact that the editor of the Guardian, Alan Rusbridger, did not mention the story to him at two later meetings implied it was not important. That is an evasion: the first meeting followed the private warning and the second took place after Mr. Coulson had resigned. Mr Cameron could have been in full possession of the facts, and acted on them, had he chosen to be. Instead he gave Mr. Coulson a job in Downing Street.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。* h$ {# b- z& _1 y K2 ]$ m
/ T/ T8 x2 y0 T+ K! zThis matters because at the core of the whole affair lies the shoddy and secret way in which some powerful media groups have dealt with political leaders from both main parties. In this, Mr. Cameron may not even be the greatest sinner. But he happens to be the prime minister who must address all what has gone on. He cannot do so properly while he continues to evade the truth of his own past dealings.The world is changing. Mr Murdoch's spell has been broken. The BSkyB deal is off. The inquiry can lead to a cleaner, more plural, future. Mr. Cameron is trapped by his past.
Großansicht des Bildes mit der Bildunterschrift: 美国新闻集团总裁默多克
Bildunterschrift: 英国警方已经开始全面调查《世界新闻报》的窃听丑闻