+ L: @: F2 U; I/ b當然，即使普選有國際標準，香港是否有法律義務執行它是另一個問題，也是較複雜的問題。英國於1976年把《公約》引入香港，但對《公約》第25條（b）的適用作出保留：「就公約第25條（b）可能要求在香港設立由選舉產生的行政局或立法局而言，英國保留不適用該款的權利。」有論者認為因為這一保留，本港行政長官或其他的選舉毋須依從25（b）的規定。但聯合國人權委員會由1995年起，已多次指出對25（b）的保留，雖可免卻香港引入選舉的責任，但一旦香港決定以選舉產生行政或立法機關，其選舉方法必須遵守25（b）規定。人權委員會是聯合國解釋《公約》的權威機構，《公約》簽署國有責任跟從。香港大律師公會對25（b）及保留條款的意見，也跟人權委員會的一致。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。" ~' I+ T7 `" U' a, |% k4 c
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當然，《公約》在香港法制內怎樣落實，是香港的內部事務。香港的法官在判案時是否願意跟從人權委員會的指引，也是法官們自己的決定。人權委員會並不是一個法律執行的機構，因此沒有權力在港直接執行《公約》。但香港特區還是有責任向人權委員會匯報《公約》的落實情况，以及面對人權委員會的質詢與提議。 , K8 f3 k u dwww2.tvboxnow.com2 K" P/ p K- T1 _& O8 B: F
《公約》25（b）是聯國訂立的國際標準" V* X/ N0 H: Z3 K1 o
1 V3 J7 U3 X$ u/ `, _6 e無論《公約》 25（b）在香港的法律地位如何，它是聯合國所訂立的國際標準，以識別選舉的真偽。這標準其實也是現代民主政治的一個常識。而對這個常識，連早期的中國共產黨也有清晰的掌握。正如程翔先生指出，1944年2月2日，中共《新華日報》的社論清晰地界定什麼是真假普選。它說：「真正的普選制，不僅選舉權要『普通』、『平等』，而且被選舉權也要『普通』、『平等』；不僅人民都要享有同等的選舉權，而且人民都要享有同等的被選舉權」。該社論更一針見血地指出「假普選」之害，說：「如果事先限定一種被選舉的資格甚或由官方提出一定的候選人，那麼縱使選舉權沒有被限制，也不過把選民做投票的工具罷了」。1944年中共還未取得政權，它所要求的選舉，卻是不折不扣的真普選。然而今天，中共掌權，北京既全盤否定「國際標準」，更把當年這「中共標準」忘記得一乾二淨！公仔箱論壇' J! s2 A+ T! M! Z+ }7 r% r& j8 p
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作者是香港大學政治及公共行政學系教授% M/ v/ h& e$ q: M$ W2 _9 n
% G6 _, a) K3 M9 v註一：UN Human Rights Committee, General Comment No. 25: The Right to Participate in Public Affairs, Voting Rights and the Right of Equal Access to Public Service (Art. 25) (CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.7) 12/07/1996.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。' x0 [$ E7 @6 X \
註二：參Compendium of International Standards for Elections (second edition, 2007)http://www.eueom.eu/files/dmfile ... or-elections_en.pdf 1 {: z; B- `: A3 c. c H5 S註三：Convention on the Standards of Democratic Elections, Electoral Rights and Freedoms in the Member States of the Commonwealth of Independent States (2002)" D8 p9 @: c3 M- v* x
註四：African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance (2007) & l- r( |9 J0 {" Q公仔箱論壇 + _; \% ~& e7 Y公仔箱論壇作者: felicity2010 時間: 2014-9-24 11:41 AM
本帖最後由 felicity2010 於 2014-9-24 11:43 AM 編輯 4 e8 ~$ j7 t+ b; R* E" Ntvb now,tvbnow,bttvb; N( z# I% q3 l% k! R1 k
WSJ: Britain's Betrayal of Hong Kong " ]' J D; ?& [公仔箱論壇www2.tvboxnow.com0 i5 p( z; D! v. Z! J$ ]- v London fails to call Beijing on its broken promises of autonomy.www2.tvboxnow.com" m( S4 Y3 {8 F7 }3 Q: T
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! }6 \4 e; Q1 h- m; y% @1 @! u% mTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。A political showdown looms in Hong Kong. Beijing has stripped the city of the high degree of autonomy it promised in a 1984 treaty with the United Kingdom. Local residents are preparing a campaign of civil disobedience in protest. Yet London has failed to express even mild criticism of Beijing's treaty violation. ; ^; o8 i; ~: q1 swww2.tvboxnow.com9 |% n# c/ l% {( D
The people of Hong Kong overwhelmingly want to elect their next Chief Executive, a reform that until a month ago seemed within reach. On Monday university and secondary students began a week-long boycott of classes to demonstrate for democracy. A new poll from Chinese University shows that one-fifth of the population is considering emigration because of the city's uncertain future. / K C2 i& u2 }" j; k9 T4 S) ~# G, k% Q. D
This turmoil is the result of Beijing's shock decision at the end of August to rig the 2017Chief Executive election with the most antidemocratic system tabled by its local supporters. Only politicians who receive majority support from a committee packed with Beijing's supporters will be allowed to run.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 o2 e* b& W! c( C7 M5 H
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The Communist Party's response to criticism is that any election conducted with universal suffrage is a step forward. The Sino-British Joint Declaration did not explicitly promise democracy, and the British didn't introduce elections for legislators until five years before their departure. So it is the "rankest hypocrisy,"in the words of the Chinese ambassador to the U.K., for Chris Patten, the last colonial governor, to claim London has a moral responsibility to speak up for Hong Kong.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。1 z. ?2 S+ r: S/ ?
( p/ k! |( x2 n! O7 d- L. {4 @5 L1 E$ ~) Htvb now,tvbnow,bttvbYet the desire for greater democracy was the critical issue facing Hong Kong long before the 1997 handover. Beginning in 1985, a drafting committee of local residents and Chinese officials created a constitutional document, the Basic Law, reflecting the Sino-British Joint Declaration's promise of self-government. "How Hong Kong develops its democracy in the future is completely within the sphere of the autonomy of Hong Kong," Lu Ping, China's top official on Hong Kong matters, promised in the People's Daily in March 1993. "The central government will not interfere."TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。4 N& j' ]8 a" N- \: c. G, G# r: ?
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That's a promise Beijing broke. In 2004 it reinterpreted the Basic Law to mean that Hong Kong could not initiate political reform without its prior approval. In 2007 it ruled out elections in 2012. Last month's decree mandates a vetting system similar to the kind of "democracy" that exists in Iran, where thousands of candidates are routinely disqualified by the regime.www2.tvboxnow.com. { X% X% G; D, n
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As a signatory to the Joint Declaration, only the U.K. has the legal standing to protest Beijing's broken promises. So how did London respond? For four days, the Foreign Office said nothing. Finally it put out a statement even more abject than silence: "We welcome the confirmation that China's objective is for the election of Hong Kong's Chief Executive through universal suffrage." Martin Lee, Hong Kong's doughtiest fighter for democracy, rightly summed up London's attitude as "kowtowing to Beijing for 30 pieces of silver." 公仔箱論壇7 W9 n* J* V% o! R3 D( j
, ?0 P. g+ n3 I9 N- VIt's true Britain's power to influence developments in Hong Kong is limited. Yet Beijing's xenophobic bluster shows that it still fears a principled statement from London to defend the territory's autonomy. Chinese media routinely accuse pro-democracy politicians of being funded by foreign "black money"—even as Beijing pumps money into local puppet groups. " M- P# S9 c8 M; a! X7 j! t公仔箱論壇 9 {" ^4 k7 Q" h( r0 A RWhen Margaret Thatcher agreed to return Hong Kong to Chinese sovereignty, she defended the decision on grounds that the U.K. would hold Beijing to its treaty commitments. Count that as one more Thatcherite legacy her successors have failed to honor. / |/ J% u9 P, T4 J5 L! K! }www2.tvboxnow.com 8 @1 W$ N0 N% l D V: b& z 4 w, [' e4 T% Y; [* n+ ]6 h1 cTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
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