) |2 y6 _+ v8 u' T% y+ Jwww2.tvboxnow.com而對於全球的政治界域而言,他為世人打開了一扇窗,讓人們得以明瞭:對於一個深受奴役的種族或階層,要在充滿壓迫的環境下爭得政治地位與平等權利,以革命為名發起暴力抗爭,並非唯一可以選擇的道路。tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb+ e, J$ f; M2 Z+ X
3 Y2 s0 r. ~) DTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。曼德拉的作為,不僅對南非,對全球的黑人民權運動的發展,乃至對不同社會如何解決階層間激化的矛盾,作用與示範意義都堪稱巨大。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。0 J+ q. m5 o# e, Y* T
! C/ E% ]0 L# o( O5 f$ B2 l- {( `曼德拉以個人的不懈努力,讓種族平等的理想之光照進了現實的角落,但讓這一理想在南非的土地上生根發芽,變為根植人心的社會理念並得以人人踐行,卻仍有相當漫長的路途需要跋涉。 , E8 U) @' r2 C9 \TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 8 a. M% v1 _5 B |4 q! Itvb now,tvbnow,bttvb新南非成立後,曼德拉建立「彩虹國」的理想從形式上達成,國家也立法保護所有公民享有平等的權利。政府並於二○○三年頒布《黑人經濟振興法案》,以幫助提高黑人的經濟地位,讓黑人逐步掌握國家的經濟主導權。 , {9 _+ M8 g2 G8 r! \ D a% E) Q+ E % W! K7 C, v" c4 n; l8 ?www2.tvboxnow.com然而,當前種族問題依然是南非的主要社會矛盾。今年十月,南非總統祖馬公開指出,雖然近年南非黑人地位不斷提升,中產階層亦大幅增加至逾四百萬之眾,但相當數量的黑人仍徘徊於貧困線上下,長期面對失業與不平等的現實,與白人階層的狀況反差巨大。" x* O6 o& V1 o1 k& w' D
公仔箱論壇$ P: [' \# C# Y
但與此同時,也有白人群體舉行遊行,抗議白人農場主被謀殺事件的不斷發生,嗆聲自己受到不平等待遇。' D9 p% P9 `: E8 q% V. c, g
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。. @+ }0 I. ]1 Y- F
另一方面,南非多地示威不斷,在有的地方,貧困民眾以暴力方式,要求政府提供房屋等基本生活保障。而該國一機構近期公布的調查指,超過一成受訪者不願信任政府的領導人,表明民眾對國家的信心正在喪失。 & y; _0 i1 ` ZTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 # t$ {5 f% `% W6 M) x上述情況從不同側面,描繪出「彩虹國」當下複雜而真實的圖景,顯示在一個不同種族同居的國度,要想解決好種族歧視問題,不但需要曼德拉當初提出「彩虹」式理想的膽識與勇氣,更需要在任的執政者,以及各種服務社會的非政府組織,做大量細緻而微的工作,盡最大努力消除貧困,讓生活在底層的人士獲得公平發展的機會,看到生活的希望與生存的價值。www2.tvboxnow.com1 f- m4 h0 i( G) C: p; I
"No power on earth can stop an oppressed people determined to win their freedom"- g5 q; j6 l/ z( x" z
— 1961 [- e" O' G5 \5 F$ r$ U; itvb now,tvbnow,bttvb ! P! t/ @- U0 W- r. O1 {' ? y; ltvb now,tvbnow,bttvbI have fought against white domination and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die% K/ T* ^. N7 b. S6 l% a1 F! e
— 1964年曼德拉在法院自辯 # n( q' K& z4 z2 Y! [公仔箱論壇tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb; [. k+ r4 N, `* _& n4 ?: z0 y( s
"To deny any person their human rights is to challenge their very humanity. To impose on them a wretched life of hunger and deprivation is to dehumanize them. But such has been the terrible fate of all black persons in our country under the system of apartheid." 5 Z- S) j- k; [+ Y1 VTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。— 1990年獲釋後發表演說tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb4 S5 Y7 H' W/ Z6 k+ R( h7 f2 z
www2.tvboxnow.com' M/ c$ L/ J6 d
"Our march to freedom is irreversible. We must not allow fear to stand in our way. Universal suffrage on a common voters' roll in a united democratic and non-racial South Africa is the only way to peace and racial harmony." 3 c1 O8 V( l2 a7 c公仔箱論壇— 1990年獲釋後發表演說, k$ i3 ?8 I( n0 A) h3 G" K$ M# `1 ?
www2.tvboxnow.com% z/ C* P& j+ R! h
"Never, never and never again shall it be that this beautiful land will again experience the oppression of one by another and suffer the indignity of being the skunk of the world. Let freedom reign."tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb3 a% u$ [+ ]" L R. [9 M- m
— 1994年就職總統演說TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。9 o; K9 M% y+ _* F- B/ f; U
公仔箱論壇% q- Q9 T/ G: y3 T+ d4 y9 O
"I have walked that long road to freedom. I have tried not to falter; I have made missteps along the way. But I have discovered the secret that after climbing a great hill, one only finds that there are many more hills to climb. I have taken a moment here to rest, to steal a view of the glorious vista that surrounds me, to look back on the distance I have come. But I can rest only for a moment, for with freedom comes responsibilities, and I dare not linger, for my long walk is not yet ended." ) W' {$ j, a8 ?1 m! p( fwww2.tvboxnow.com— 曼德拉自傳《Long Walk to Freedom》 2 _# q& q' K+ |0 R/ bTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
論言論自由 / O, t; C7 V. T' |0 ^* N* ltvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
"A critical, independent and investigative press is the lifeblood of any democracy. The press must be free from state interference. It must have the economic strength to stand up to the blandishments of government officials. It must have sufficient independence from vested interests to be bold and inquiring without fear or favour. It must enjoy the protection of the constitution, so that it can protect our rights as citizens." ' K1 f# s* a; V- ^) {tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb— 1994年出席國際新聞學會世界大會公仔箱論壇) z' ?' V& K$ ?
談公民抗命www2.tvboxnow.com( Q: W( F8 x( x& u' Z
When a man is denied the right to live the life he believes in, he has no choice but to become an outlaw. ( l/ k, S) U x* I9 `— 曼德拉自傳《Long Walk to Freedom》tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb: `9 x9 }+ k: }0 U7 P; S
"Real leaders must be ready to sacrifice all for the freedom of their people."TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。8 J/ f+ ?! E7 K3 Y8 U. @
— 1998年出席黑人領袖盧圖利(Albert John Lutuli)百周年誕辰慶典 ! t- |* R7 R, A4 p# D7 ~- V
談種族 tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb9 N. N$ ^* R7 u D5 C$ E9 l
"I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities."tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb% W, O \# a3 R2 h, b
— 1964年2 G; F- g6 ~2 i/ k+ o2 M
; \* w: g3 R, N0 t' G8 _8 BTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。“No one is born hating another person because of the color of his skin, or his background, or his religion. People must learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love, for love comes more naturally to the human heart than its opposite.” $ W0 @ F( T/ _! g1 ]' A— 曼德拉自傳《Long Walk to Freedom》" B8 ~, t3 `: H7 z$ v: t ]
論演說 . ?+ X/ S9 ~/ {* r8 t
"It is never my custom to use words lightly. If twenty-seven years in prison have done anything to us, it was to use the silence of solitude to make us understand how precious words are and how real speech is in its impact on the way people live and die."tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb( m( d' }, ^' j& j8 R+ U$ [2 P3 x
— 2000年 9 r; {$ }3 {7 s) ?tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
談獲釋TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。) ?- ]9 w6 J! D, D! U
"I stand here before you not as a prophet but as a humble servant of you, the people"www2.tvboxnow.com* P' M; l5 j5 K6 @* a
— 1990年獲釋後發表演說: u" u3 ~1 t m
www2.tvboxnow.com9 y# B ^7 {! V: H2 n
"I was called a terrorist yesterday, but when I came out of jail, many people embraced me, including my enemies, and that is what I normally tell other people who say those who are struggling for liberation in their country are terrorists. I tell them that I was also a terrorist yesterday, but, today, I am admired by the very people who said I was one." ' r& ] w" k" }8 }TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。— 接受著名主持Larry King 專訪 . S1 o0 a. @5 l1 {" y) j" |" X9 Lwww2.tvboxnow.com
"What I am condemning is that one power, with a president who has no foresight, who cannot think properly, is now wanting to plunge the world into a holocaust" 0 D; [+ N" |% V/ _4 u) f; s公仔箱論壇— 2003年1月斥美國總統喬治布殊部署侵伊 $ a3 M8 k* N' q D) ^- j
談愛滋病TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。* B: I4 b- F4 e, y9 P
"AIDS is a major problem to be tackled by the entire world. To deal with it requires resources far beyond the capacity of one continent. No single country has the capacity to deal with it." 4 H5 I* d& p! R6 r) g7 a+ K, etvb now,tvbnow,bttvb— 曼德拉著名“Conversations with Myself7 M0 v* s8 _$ Y
論死亡0 g1 ^* D$ W+ V1 o! E" n0 S
"Death is something inevitable. When a man has done what he considers to be his duty to his people and his country, he can rest in peace. I believe I have made that effort and that is, therefore, why I will sleep for the eternity." 6 R2 p+ e1 [& G2 C. A5 nTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。— 1994年在紀錄片接受訪問tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb7 Y/ j7 ?8 q4 _6 j+ J: C
公仔箱論壇6 i: }- W1 W5 W- g8 j( B1 R( D) C
"There will be life after Mandela. On my last day I want to know that those who remain behind will say: 'The man who lies here has done his duty for his country and his people.' " 9 _9 B# R* N0 B' A w$ D' Y5 Y& }— 1999 3 L5 d7 x# {6 m3 y9 Y8 h7 H8 m' Lwww2.tvboxnow.com
論友誼TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。5 c' h' z" M5 }% C6 v1 l! L
“I like friends who have independent minds because they tend to make you see problems from all angles.” ! b7 p i+ M% p. n— 1975TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。3 b/ o. w* B# @, `2 Z
% W5 }7 d. y" {7 Otvb now,tvbnow,bttvb公仔箱論壇: ^: s+ `# o, y# A$ ]0 M8 {# i
曼德拉的理想 南非的現實 & F8 D+ ]* ]3 V2 t+ _tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb, G1 E* U# k: A* j" h8 D % w1 ]; z2 D) i# x2012年,南非爆發馬里卡納礦工大罷工,工人集結在山頭,要求增加工資。抗議活動逐漸演變成暴力衝突。其後南非警方向手持刀械的礦工射擊,造成34名礦工死亡,78人受傷。 資料:維基百科。圖:marikana.info公仔箱論壇9 M: z9 r a5 d2 j& w& Z* j4 L* X
公仔箱論壇) g6 r: L! }: }4 L3 E- O
去年8月,南非出現了種族隔離時代結束以來最嚴重的衝突:南非礦業爆發全國工潮,礦工要求加薪,警方出動裝甲車、橡膠子彈鎮壓,做成至少34人死亡,被當地傳媒形容為「屠殺」。從礦業到運輸、製造業,過去一年半南非工潮此起彼落。近年,南非失業率高踞不下,現達25%(有指這只是官方數字,真正的失業率接近40%),但今年全年的經濟增長預料只有1.9%。曾經,南非是整個非洲的經濟龍頭;然而近年多個非洲國家相繼堀起,南非卻反而不斷倒退。 : ~8 M! k$ |. R; o; m ) D* U, H; O+ V& h5 yTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。今日的南非被種種問題困擾:貧富差距、高失業率、罪案頻生。種族隔離政策被廢除20年來,南非的貧富懸殊不斷擴大,有色人種苦於他們口中的「經濟種族隔離」現象,生活艱難。基層民眾的困境使他們對政府感到極為不滿,執政黨卻陷入無日無之的內鬥,與民眾完全脫節。曾是反抗種族隔離旗艦的「非洲國民議會」,已與昔日的光輝形象大相逕庭,貪腐醜聞不絕、管治能力低下,失去了人民的信任。 / w, m( s/ i4 B' X" v" u* r公仔箱論壇tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb# U: E) q7 u2 _8 s4 I
今日的南非,與曼德拉期待建立的國度仍相去甚遠。7 S% f' D- m- D1 g2 h
# Y% t h+ x* d L- \. g g( C公仔箱論壇種族歧視料重臨www2.tvboxnow.com/ a. u' p& u: |9 y$ O- h5 l4 k
# o8 k' P% x7 g( V9 n% o, KTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。除了黑、白之間的舊仇,南非黑人亦對來自其他非洲國家的「新移民」感到極不滿。從津巴布韋、索馬利亞、尼日利亞等地遷入的移民,被指奪走了本地黑人僅餘的工機會。更有南非人認為做成今日局面的,正是以曼德拉為首的ANC所推行的種族共融政策。 _) Y, ], x) U
tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb2 X% u8 X0 {7 x0 [0 }
從其他非法國家移民至南非的人當中,有不少是難民或尋求政治庇護者。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。( _7 m) p Q( y" k
( j9 o) f$ Q0 K/ f公仔箱論壇2008年,南非全國有數十外地移民被殺,另有數百移民受傷;這幾年來,針對移民群體的攻擊有增無減。「曼德拉是使南非免於分離崩析的唯一支柱,」路透社引述28歲的約翰內斯堡白領Sharon Qubeka如此形容:「南非的種族衝突會惡化,人們會互相指責並嘗試趕走外來人。」NPR則引述26歲的扒手Brian Raphela預測:「看著吧,曼德拉一死,排外主義就會捲土重來。」* _* ?6 S: v& q* T) v
公仔箱論壇) ?) \4 l& ]8 G# q- M 「非洲國民議會」支持度勢再降 8 t! m" [. a, @* W/ Y# L公仔箱論壇4 k' a+ H, m7 |/ G U: J
而曾經帶領南非黑人脫離種族隔離的民權組織「非洲國民議會」(African National Congress, ANC),今時今日在南非民眾眼中只是一個供政客謀取私利的貪腐政黨。 ( K& R. h& m1 r) v / z, |, S2 ?7 e3 b# h6 k沒有了曼德拉這個象徵人物,ANC的支持度將進一步減弱。 0 R7 G. g& _. J: I! O; r公仔箱論壇 Z+ f% P9 y& |6 z Xtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb對南非人民來說,今時今日的ANC與20年前曼德拉領導的ANC已大不相同:ANC高層都十分富裕、出入乘名車,與此同時,南非的貧富差距一日比一日嚴重,ANC治下的南非經濟每況愈下。ANC的領袖、即曼德拉的繼任者們,似乎更關注黨內權力鬥爭,這使政府對南非民生問題,反應遲緩。去年,國際評級機構穆迪就曾因為擔憂南非未來政局不穩,下調對南非的信用評級。9 q" M6 W! q( }- y5 `9 }" I; D; i/ U
( ]6 G' q, i) |& ~" A( d
托曼德拉的福,自1994年、即曼德拉當選總統的年份起,ANC在每次國會大選中均贏得逾60%的選票,2014年整體上亦穩操勝劵,但很可能會失去最重要的省份Gauteng;這將是一個警號。在ANC內部,有人仍堅持貫徹曼德拉種族共融的理念,但要求政府政策向有色人種傾斜的一派正逐漸坐大。為了打擊其主要對手、以白人為主的在野黨民主聯盟(Democratic Alliance, DA),ANC不斷以DA過往堅持種族隔離的背景做文章;這樣的策略無異於走回頭路,重回專為有色人種發聲的定位。 0 @ g( u! J+ _公仔箱論壇TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。& k" p. T- ?" Q
沒有了曼德拉這根紐帶,今日的ANC與20年期的反種族歧視抗爭,似乎已毫無聯繫;但他們郤仍然倚賴20年前的功績,來吸引已對他們的失去信心的選民。南非民眾仍會經常見到曼德拉;可以預期,下年選舉期間,曼德拉將頻繁出現在選舉文宣之中。 : W; l# f# O6 s; ~- mtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb3 N k. q( J% W1 E$ l; Z
相關報道:2 W) z# s) g; p7 U; n7 i; W1 a
6 a$ C9 F/ a' `. [
《時代》www2.tvboxnow.com! H+ P4 F" \% m4 i6 P0 T( g 路透社 ! O5 s% E) c% V) KTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。《華爾街日報》www2.tvboxnow.com, C, }8 R* @7 P5 v. K% @$ ^ NPRTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。- Z1 C4 @. R1 C: R9 d
《紐約時報》 * t* O' b5 ?4 g" @- [- e9 P( \www2.tvboxnow.com《經濟學人》5 c- l. i" q5 K6 W3 ?5 U
公仔箱論壇: W; r# ]5 i1 ^