Erupting Volcanoes on Earth as Seen From Space

One of the most violent but beautiful reminders that we live on ageologically restless planet are volcanic 5 |3 a% i. s' G7 B7 T$ T
eruptions. Around 550volcanoes have erupted at least once in historic times, and around 50or 60 are TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。+ F8 s: i3 |9 j
active each year. On any given day, as many as 10 volcanoesmay be spewing ash or lava somewhere on Earth.www2.tvboxnow.com& U. o9 a$ l' n) h1 W) V
Some volcanoes, such as Mount Etna in Italy, erupt almost constantlyfor years on end. Others, like Mount St. Helens, www2.tvboxnow.com! Y) `6 m, Y/ j9 a
erupt rarely andsometimes extremely destructively. Like Etna and Mount St. Helens, manyof the most dangerous
8 {8 k5 V  Z) a3 o公仔箱論壇and explosive erupters are stratovolcanoes, whichare made of layers of ash and lava from previous eruptions. TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。& L( w3 u) A& L) Q5 T) _9 |
They tendto be steep-sided cone-shaped volcanoes and often rise strikingly abovethe surrounding landscape.1 a4 b) x  F! a1 f
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Many of the stunning images of eruptions captured from space are ofviolent stratovolcanoes, such as the one above
+ q  n! t# `/ Z- n# V. e/ Qof Kliuchevskoi, themost active volcano on Russia’s Kamchatka peninsula. The image abovewas
: l2 F! P0 @- _1 s( _taken by astronauts on the space shuttle Endeavour in 1994, as an eruption was just getting underway. The ash 2 V4 q; x' V* T! b
plume reached as high as 50,000 feet.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb% p# l, Q$ H  d; h, g8 S3 T

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& t  l0 x% g% BAugustine Volcano is a 4,100-foot-tall, 7-mile-wide stratovolcano. This eruption was captured by NASA’s Terra www2.tvboxnow.com9 m' @# Z7 \: G" u
satellite in 2006. Augustine’s dome collapsed in 1883, during its largest historical eruption. It has been erupting for at least 40,000 TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。6 A1 n: E- p; h/ W0 w3 }
years. The island’s jagged edges were created by massive avalanches.www2.tvboxnow.com- j! @7 V2 @1 t1 D* {( z
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Augustine lies in the Cook Inlet at the eastern end of the Aleutian trench which marks the northernmost portion of the Pacific Ring " S' {. ^" z) N# d3 d" F
of Fire. Volcanic activity here is caused by the subduction of the Pacific plate beneath the North American plate. As the wet
8 e9 r" V( ]& Bocean crust descends into the molten mantle below, superheated water is squeezed out and rises up to melt the bottom of
) s0 k. t0 q& stvb now,tvbnow,bttvbthe continental crust, creating magma that drives the volcanic eruptionstvb now,tvbnow,bttvb" [5 ]1 [" f1 l# [
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Astronauts aboard the International Space Station caught a lucky glimpse of the start of this eruption of Sarychev Volcano
- O+ m% N+ M6 E. Q公仔箱論壇in the Kuril Islands, northeast of Japan, on June 12, 2009. This was the volcano’s first eruption in 30 years.
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The smooth white cloud, known as a pileus cloud, topping the eruption column may be made of water condensation caused by rising www2.tvboxnow.com; X" F9 M3 n- C' b) Y
and cooling of the air above. In contrast, a dark gray cloud of ash near the ground is probably an avalanche of hot ash and rock known
as a pyroclastic flow.

3 ]* d* G9 W& M3 a0 t" mThis photo sparked a debate among scientists about what caused the hole in the clouds above the eruption. Three possible options came up:tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb& J5 x# v/ T5 @1 r% o  I5 L( {

/ |' Z9 W5 ^! d' e; C0 G公仔箱論壇 * It could have nothing to do with the eruption and simply be caused by the contrast in temperatures between the ocean and the island.公仔箱論壇" j+ A8 @( e/ W1 d+ }  g: X, F9 F
* A shockwave from the eruption could have blown a hole in the cloud deck.
* As the plume rose, air flowed downward along the sides and became warmer and evaporated the clouds.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。  y9 L" u, m% R% p5 q

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Alaska’s Redoubt Volcano erupted five times in one night this year after almost three decades of relative quiet.
0 Y5 T+ \) y& z# z: V* U/ d' A& |It continued erupting on and off for weeks afterward. This image was taken by the commercial satellite GeoEye-1 on March 30 when公仔箱論壇; E& I0 o& o7 j8 h  I/ A" i3 O; V5 p
the ash reached heights of 27,000 feet. The volcano’s alert level is still “advisory,” and the aviation color code is yellow.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。/ S, K! L% }4 [# d
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Redoubt is a 10,200-foot tall stratovolcano 100 miles southwest of Anchorage in the Aleutian Range, west of the Cook Inlet.- {0 F6 q; M5 l, K

Mount Etna is the second tallest volcano in Europe, at almost 11,000 feet. It is one of the most active volcanoes inTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。4 H  b! ?" M7 [. l$ @. r  x+ m
the world and is erupting nearly continuously. It is no surprise that there are many great photos of this volcano erupting, including this one TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。6 V- E: t. Z7 H( r. d5 Q( g, A
captured by astronauts on the International Space Station in 2002. The lighter colored plumes of smoke on the slope of the volcano in
; C3 o8 M% U. \% U4 [4 X0 qthis picture are from forest fires ignited by lava.
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Etna is a stratovolcano located on the island of Sicily. It is one of the most studied volcanoes in the world and. at 500,000 years old, it may
, }& h( y5 v1 F+ s0 b, v公仔箱論壇also be the oldest-known active volcano.
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A NASA astronaut spotted this eruption of Cleveland Volcano from the International Space Station in 2006. The volcano is 5,700 feet high
and claimed the only known eruption-related death in Alaska’s Aleutian Islands in 1944. Its symmetrical, cone shape is typical of stratovolcanoes.
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Popoépetcatl, which means “smoking mountain” in the Aztec language, is a very active volcano just 44 miles outside Mexico City.
3 b8 {& a4 t9 B) Etvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThe second highest peak in Mexico at 17,800 feet, this glacier-covered stratovolcano has erupted at least 20 times in the last 500 years and has caused tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb- ~  w, H, q9 J- {$ n3 M
multiple evacuations of the city. This eruption in 2001 was caught by astronauts on the International Space Station, near the end of a seven-year period
of frequent activity. The plume reached heights of around 30,000 feet.
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This eruption of Chaitén caldera in Chile was photographed from the International Space Station in May 2008. Volcanism along the tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb9 I# ~# i) ?) c5 g+ b8 ~1 ]
west coast of South America is the result of subduction of the oceanic Nazca plate beneath the South American plate.
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Chaitén was last active more than 9,000 years ago. The violent 2008 eruption inundated the small coastal town of Chaitén with ash, pyroclastic
3 `5 V6 D3 I1 ]* @公仔箱論壇flows and volcanic mudflows called lahars. The caldera is relatively small at less than two miles wide, and sits on the flank of the larger Michinmahuida volcano.
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This image of the Sierra Negra volcano in the Galapagos Islands was taken by NASA’s Terra satellite in 2006. Sierra Negra
9 Q- U) T* P) x9 h& d& ~8 jis a shield volcano, which are made mostly of previous lava flows and tend to be broad and gently sloping. The Galapagos are part of an island chain
( s) n5 W% R& \/ `5 h公仔箱論壇formed by a hot spot where a plume of hot mantle rises up and melts the base of the ocean crust. As the Pacific plate moves over the relatively
/ j  J$ t* p+ R* B. x: gstationary hot spot, volcanoes are formed. The Hawaiian Islands were formed — and continue forming — the same way.
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NASA’s Terra satellite snapped this image of Shiveluch volcano erupting on Russia’s Kamchatka peninsula at the edge of the Pacific Ring of Fire in 2004. TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。; ?, u5 e+ d' O5 T
A lava dome had been growing in the volcano’s crater, followed by intermittent eruptions that lasted weeks. Shiveluch is a 10,400-foot-high stratovolcano
that is at least 60,000 years old and has been erupting fairly often for the past 10 years. Its dome has collapsed multiple times, most recently in 1964, , G! W: c1 j& @4 k8 {! z: s
causing avalanches of debris into the crater.