/ ~  m2 G7 N; J: i9 l6 L* G% itvb now,tvbnow,bttvbTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。' u% G) r/ \5 j, A: g3 V$ v
People have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more 公仔箱論壇. d9 U! G8 g1 }/ {; K) O! M
of our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb6 n  ]+ \2 m. s: `# q# R
deforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.公仔箱論壇4 W, j1 d8 B1 t
We’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by
( s: U# M5 e3 o: A) mtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbastronauts and satellites on the following pages.
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Above: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montanatvb now,tvbnow,bttvb2 }: @0 V) E# f2 B3 s* r5 a0 A: N3 G
This former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined. tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb+ u% P5 Z' O) _$ v* G0 g! P
An elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining. TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。+ M, e  ^* K2 f; X  {1 h) ?
Today, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filledtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb/ |: X! \; i4 W1 {4 I
with metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The , W6 w- v  L; V( R/ }1 \& r
water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.
( Z& _/ ?3 r! \& b, ^+ Z/ }! lTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Currently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to
# V: A+ J0 P. ?' P" B. C8 i# I8 kcontaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete
7 j* M  k6 {' M9 f% @! ~www2.tvboxnow.comwith gift shop and$2 admission fee.公仔箱論壇2 U5 `, v/ f* p3 k! r
This photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb" S! v+ H/ z2 L0 D( v. O0 N& v
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) I: e7 {: l. X$ f  U! T+ R4 NTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
6 z9 c* G; T) z- Iwww2.tvboxnow.comEscondida Mine, Chile
8 H; Z$ ]! y, W( Btvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThe Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces
  _7 I3 P/ B' htvb now,tvbnow,bttvbmore copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and
: I; C) P2 t) K" ~0 j8 O/ E7 ywww2.tvboxnow.comrepresenting nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.' L$ N5 A% i: N# r
This image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer 7 R% a5 A6 W0 _- A) |1 r9 e
aboard NASA’s Terra satellite.
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Bingham Canyon Mine, Utah
. ^3 d! }" r( }tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbLocated 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced 公仔箱論壇/ y% R% r9 i" t4 X
more than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75
+ u# a5 j9 }* B" S8 Q1 O8 n1 f: L$ W" J公仔箱論壇miles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach
  Y6 `- {( v% a' q% ~9 |, etvb now,tvbnow,bttvbthe top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb4 l# _' G. }4 h) ?3 Z
inside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80 tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb' ?' z# o: \! w
feet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.
/ p' L/ v' g0 ?. I9 T: }' mtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital 公仔箱論壇; c' v' G! R' Q# i( Z2 x
camera and an 800mm lens.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb! ~4 x, {, G7 @6 j" K! Q; C

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% C) a+ P! W) g& y' |& u' mTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Yuba River Goldfields, California.) A* G5 T9 v+ f6 g
The Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada,
. n0 Q5 ]1 D  ]" K! htvb now,tvbnow,bttvbdredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd 公仔箱論壇* c3 V% l" r/ C4 v8 ]
landscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.
+ O! `- C' x2 q9 _www2.tvboxnow.comShortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。3 O6 ^5 T2 U- l5 ^+ g* D4 @) v# J' @4 y
mining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel,
- g+ e1 o2 s, F2 P3 a1 pwww2.tvboxnow.comwhich was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with
/ r6 _! J) m4 N7 Q( r4 V0 R685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.
: X  ?! N  O* A. r" xwww2.tvboxnow.comDredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to www2.tvboxnow.com+ A! _5 f+ Q* x7 j  H$ r' L
extract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the 公仔箱論壇- Z  S$ C0 ~( r, E
gravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.
- C# S' u2 |6 g0 M9 M" Rwww2.tvboxnow.comThis image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.( R4 i, z  f/ p* s* l* j0 F

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Toquepala Copper Mine, PeruTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。) R1 n, Q, n& q; W! y1 J
Located in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep.
, Z. e( M* D- B/ K5 m* Utvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThe mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was . G- I/ y; @8 ]% z8 @" C; I
constructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center, ! O3 [$ J- O' t0 R1 ?  L$ C# x
heading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space
* o; H; r0 N1 Q8 t$ g- Y+ x& |7 `TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Station on Sept. 22, 2003.
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  }" a% z6 e4 t  c- V) q$ M" [' _: uTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
; g. |0 w4 I5 h! g: vFreeport Mine, IndonesiaTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。! [6 ~: j+ y+ b" d
The Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman ) L5 t2 M+ }; `; z2 S9 i, d
Mountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of ' s! n2 a+ d$ W  f. x" I. }
the largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is 公仔箱論壇; v( I* @; z2 l% g. _
extensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.
: x0 R* H# Q* j3 w4 U) iThis photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.
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! s0 b) F- e/ {" x% cCananea Mine, MexicoTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。1 U! O# Z6 Z# Z4 g! u; X0 V
The Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada 2 t, B8 V5 c: x  q1 a+ K$ q% i4 `2 y
Pit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains
  j, x) }1 @/ A3 w8 ?0 e* s! z" btvb now,tvbnow,bttvbgold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock. www2.tvboxnow.com, G& t3 B( J! ?6 @) u% v: d& m' \
The magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering
0 o: v6 o6 P1 N; Z6 ~TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。the rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.
# |: O0 A  `- W( CA 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the
* g' A- J, `: j5 w- `公仔箱論壇Mexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb8 w1 q" Q& `: {9 E
This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008./ V) Y. O4 [# X& M- @! v1 K
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1 q4 f, M; H" R5 R" t* ?tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbPhosphate Mines, Jordan公仔箱論壇* D, Z1 G% X4 _; D: B$ v' ?& I3 f
Phosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60 6 Y- G, |" R. \" G  Z) J0 B6 G
percent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists - p5 p" ]% X; Y3 [2 Q1 H8 H8 l$ O
fear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the . Q% h2 A: m4 Q
point at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.公仔箱論壇% a/ D# h8 z1 d6 `6 i5 a
This image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra
* P& P% b! D# i- |satellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。! t. w8 C( D8 d
blue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the
+ C7 ~9 u; w# A+ Vlower part of the image that appears striped.9 U# R, Q* Q, z3 z
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。+ N& E* ?4 x2 ^) q. A9 n5 }" O: ]6 i( A
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。9 w% E  @! G, D1 W1 [
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New Cornelia Mine, Arizonawww2.tvboxnow.com$ V! R! r  F8 L
Copper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured % n3 a4 X5 l" ]  B& D+ C. u; z
above began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。1 r) e% G6 L4 r* A# ~/ C$ _1 J
land just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb6 d  }( j- t5 d, l; {
the metal was extracted.www2.tvboxnow.com% S/ e' Z+ H, _& |& l% M! @1 n. [
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* J3 v3 n4 y# ]5 a8 m* F' ]0 mwww2.tvboxnow.comHambach Coal Mines, Germany公仔箱論壇8 u: |, K/ s& G+ @9 `- O( W5 K
The bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany. TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。& K* p3 p' u  K* X/ D+ B
One of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator
( {4 e  L& b* W+ M" r! ?% L3 {tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbis twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.
% {' i. ^/ r: u: f; ntvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite 7 i. }9 k9 i' P' j( F) o% |) V) T
Aug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are
9 T0 m! h! R7 j9 j# A5 _公仔箱論壇bare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.