tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb8 ]4 e1 ]: c0 V# [: j

, U1 E8 Q& e$ B! Q! V" A) [! Xtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbPeople have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more
! C, o! J+ a; B; k3 O5 ^+ p公仔箱論壇of our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and 7 a# k" Y1 K( ?
deforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.
( ?* o9 u. G9 n6 fWe’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by
: n& o3 w1 f6 ?, k$ q' ltvb now,tvbnow,bttvbastronauts and satellites on the following pages.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。1 x; r5 K1 ]  W
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。6 s" ^$ m1 b8 t( I; F$ C
Above: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montanawww2.tvboxnow.com" Y% Z1 L- z9 p3 D& T
This former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined. ; K( Q2 a7 ]( O: C
An elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining.
" @1 G# \5 m! a4 a7 x8 z% r( E4 v& a" z公仔箱論壇Today, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filled
0 d4 U7 N% r# D% `3 \tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbwith metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb& r. d. e5 L! L' v: j
water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb9 y# {6 Z) K1 O4 p, K( A
Currently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to
4 N" {# I5 a. i' r2 ~$ dtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbcontaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete 3 w: o- Y. a9 T. ~+ b
with gift shop and$2 admission fee.% `0 K/ t, h' Y* F/ E- S* B
This photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.
  z  R* _- Z3 r, d- F' o( |. `TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
, m) ~0 ~1 e( c* a
: e8 r- j: W8 y; g  f; Y9 O
/ T$ T* d  n; I! hEscondida Mine, Chiletvb now,tvbnow,bttvb+ i. r) h- T/ z' v) ^' ]# F
The Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces 2 d+ K. E4 q1 l$ E
more copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and
* C, ~" R9 [( V8 j' M; P; Z5 @www2.tvboxnow.comrepresenting nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。9 K: m9 h# i4 l; ~" o3 f
This image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer www2.tvboxnow.com* [& z+ b* b9 k" C
aboard NASA’s Terra satellite.
( q. e7 k% U4 c; fTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
+ h0 Z$ m$ n; r0 }: y$ U9 X" ^
1 v( ^1 j* t( ?$ b: N公仔箱論壇公仔箱論壇0 v1 f0 q- U- l
Bingham Canyon Mine, UtahTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。) ?( {7 ~  Y- [6 U* I
Located 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced
3 @4 m' n$ W" p0 ^TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。more than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75
! }* N+ p- A3 G9 _公仔箱論壇miles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach
0 l6 \% d1 L' L! Z7 v* j' i公仔箱論壇the top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb( |/ s. f3 S* M9 A0 x+ g
inside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80 公仔箱論壇* R  o! m) H  j. x0 g2 z4 G0 K" y
feet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.8 y  V% L3 B3 ^. Q' O
This photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital 公仔箱論壇+ b4 n) v& O9 h, T: O
camera and an 800mm lens.
; t( @. e" e# x; Nwww2.tvboxnow.com9 t! w% m: @- ^' \
+ ]: x* d9 H: e

( m* R  d! ~" o2 Y. b: eYuba River Goldfields, California.9 {1 g8 w1 _( h
The Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada, tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb5 N$ I* O3 B& l! X
dredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd
& M) f4 h& s6 G. p) Y  Ulandscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.
, ^7 W- e; q8 w" Twww2.tvboxnow.comShortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic
8 K: T5 z# Q  P' |7 c2 A6 }mining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel, 公仔箱論壇; o+ L( B. z7 a6 k. T+ t/ I
which was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with
9 c7 n# t7 W" \" s# \  O3 I4 YTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.: A$ e6 g2 ?( D9 i* k4 `- Y
Dredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to 公仔箱論壇7 ^# x+ M& H% ^* E0 F
extract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the
: P$ H; }# U6 U1 k! A- ?TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。gravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.
) R# D6 S1 V. aThis image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.
7 q( t/ M& P1 C, ~; Cwww2.tvboxnow.com
1 h& E: r4 ~/ Wtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
0 _2 b. \! Z7 d) `6 r( O公仔箱論壇
1 V1 j: V+ C$ k+ }TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Toquepala Copper Mine, Peru
% M0 ]" p0 [  Y- RLocated in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep. tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb, Z1 l3 r- a- r* G
The mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was
8 [! B2 ^8 W. r; Y* u# Y& Vtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbconstructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center,
; j; ]/ z" k6 i( `TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。heading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb3 s7 q9 n; B; D1 f9 C: Z: j2 _
Station on Sept. 22, 2003.
  Z) g) \8 ]' u: B% b- o公仔箱論壇tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb+ p( F' n) Q' N( o7 R/ j2 C
tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb0 L- R/ O  @2 @) [+ I$ ?4 d* @* u
4 g/ W0 Z) `/ \$ j
Freeport Mine, Indonesiawww2.tvboxnow.com* E  l  L! m- e/ m2 Q: i
The Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman
/ @4 i9 G7 f( l, t2 I9 u3 [TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Mountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of
8 g$ u+ m3 \5 V0 S公仔箱論壇the largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is
" b; h9 U$ `& iTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。extensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb5 _5 H! _5 G, p7 }8 W3 B$ j
This photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。5 ]! |8 V! V2 F: o" L1 ]  p
www2.tvboxnow.com7 m* I& f$ T3 Z7 `5 O/ e$ A, D% T
/ C3 c5 u* g# @( n' ^/ A5 W
tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb5 n6 t, `* G3 a! y7 b  }
Cananea Mine, MexicoTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。; f2 M0 @2 h* ]% h
The Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada , {& K3 f; X2 F
Pit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains www2.tvboxnow.com: }/ x# w. W  Z  _$ i! q! {
gold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock. / V% z. w8 t) F9 m5 H( m
The magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering
/ O' m. e+ z7 u$ r# G( S: Ithe rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.
& \+ {6 T. R  Q' d6 X公仔箱論壇A 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the
; m/ y. T  j- B' R公仔箱論壇Mexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.
# I& M& h4 i# h/ E( @This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.
& h. I2 o: O& P- n9 stvb now,tvbnow,bttvb( d2 G- G9 p/ t6 Y; h9 L5 N8 s# ^

, ~( X+ q  m$ a& a/ ~* A9 z8 v1 M4 p2 h+ G5 k: T
Phosphate Mines, Jordantvb now,tvbnow,bttvb: x( ?  E) a7 V7 c
Phosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60 www2.tvboxnow.com; S$ I  E- [. `- l& W
percent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists
: O& [# m" D% }9 i5 y( hTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。fear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the
  n0 {5 m' l8 ?' x5 u5 Fwww2.tvboxnow.compoint at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.
9 g( _/ H0 R( `0 Mtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra
. X. H0 L% n+ G* N+ j公仔箱論壇satellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is 7 ]6 v8 [  a! b8 F; E
blue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the
5 j0 b$ Z: X$ N5 _; ?lower part of the image that appears striped.
& M! ~+ N- u5 `% N; i  `! \% e2 A- t2 xwww2.tvboxnow.com% z  ?% ]- z; \1 G* P, e
tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb( o$ U0 U+ l8 b. \- W

2 N2 q& l9 i# y: |2 @9 Ltvb now,tvbnow,bttvbNew Cornelia Mine, Arizona& g+ E& U4 X- M' l0 _
Copper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured 公仔箱論壇, w% {! {$ H* ~6 R
above began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped 8 h. y: a/ d  f9 Y8 h1 p) S
land just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where 公仔箱論壇. c2 j. B' e/ x0 d$ ~  F& {
the metal was extracted.
1 |- X& |; i  I! |: N- h9 U公仔箱論壇tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb* P* [. L/ w8 b, z

6 s& L" ^6 l# K3 U3 a公仔箱論壇
+ y1 R) I+ w$ u2 ?, I3 z+ awww2.tvboxnow.comHambach Coal Mines, Germanytvb now,tvbnow,bttvb* ~" a' t' L  o6 {$ B8 r6 o
The bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany.
; D0 ?! f2 j" I: b0 {! _4 @, ktvb now,tvbnow,bttvbOne of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator
: }7 j- E! c3 I3 u7 ^, B6 Jis twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb2 N, v# V# i) u1 b. b& a" {* {
This image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite 公仔箱論壇6 W0 s1 n, U: p& D& M+ u' g* R
Aug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。7 m" w) l4 e: ?, _0 b5 [+ N  F
bare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.