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: B( m" d* d4 }' Y4 e% |www2.tvboxnow.comPeople have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb- F  p: B' l& P3 ?3 B+ b% I
of our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。) y- ?3 C. @3 k% S
deforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.4 X! s5 @, _# ^" v/ a* V8 }+ p4 H
We’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb  F, o* F( X: [$ ^9 X- y
astronauts and satellites on the following pages.www2.tvboxnow.com. f+ K+ O, q0 M5 [5 O" D

) g0 a" M* a) W& b% ?tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbAbove: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montanawww2.tvboxnow.com4 h9 [1 J/ H4 ]$ K4 z  h
This former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined. 公仔箱論壇+ ~0 W1 n% M0 g/ Z( j) e1 h' y
An elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining. , z8 g9 r4 H7 m
Today, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filled
- b- j; d! {3 n% ewww2.tvboxnow.comwith metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The
9 D$ g1 Q/ p; M4 ~/ r" BTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.
( H5 k8 L! n2 ~www2.tvboxnow.comCurrently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to
( D6 E/ S: D" o5 j7 ]: q. k$ \contaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete
2 {& O: m$ R" [with gift shop and$2 admission fee.
! t& S4 g6 J1 l; n公仔箱論壇This photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.2 q( K0 ^7 }( |8 o5 P# P
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; K6 d! m7 Z" X: e3 @" r6 MTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Escondida Mine, Chile
7 H2 l5 d+ h( y  d) [/ x7 V4 D/ |The Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces
$ Z8 {! w( |" cwww2.tvboxnow.commore copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and 公仔箱論壇( G0 Q' W7 j' N. {, @7 N
representing nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.2 V7 ]/ E/ }6 ^8 i0 W' R  W- Z2 e" P: B
This image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer , |; R1 ?  }, X
aboard NASA’s Terra satellite.
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Bingham Canyon Mine, Utah公仔箱論壇* l/ p: {7 H. O6 p
Located 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced 公仔箱論壇# ^  j' w7 o8 j" f4 G8 l
more than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75 6 e5 c/ ?2 S: {  g% {- W
miles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach
& C% O& G+ ~5 F( \6 H8 {TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。the top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces www2.tvboxnow.com: j. f4 O8 p+ ^  Z
inside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80
# @; P5 A0 u, _" {www2.tvboxnow.comfeet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.+ Z* Q) a6 s6 x2 }* J% ^
This photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital 公仔箱論壇! T6 A: Q) h8 F4 e  s' x
camera and an 800mm lens.
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1 F) |: P- r$ u: d; b. B2 [Yuba River Goldfields, California.6 U* T7 w& ]& H9 w$ D! O
The Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada,
2 f% z: z1 [8 q% {& nTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。dredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd
' L2 X- p( m! n7 e+ V$ g5 `5 I4 Ftvb now,tvbnow,bttvblandscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.
  {- Y' }! \  ]/ I公仔箱論壇Shortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic ' X  w6 x1 j6 n" D1 T* }
mining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel, tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb3 W2 A+ [: H$ h' R- g# p9 r
which was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with
3 e4 |* ]( O) N2 jwww2.tvboxnow.com685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.
' I  m3 W# j5 I$ B, |4 kDredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to
) A$ N5 j, Z& n2 E7 w( d" xextract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the * o9 X4 L( k) e+ p1 d
gravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.公仔箱論壇- t5 w3 [) `9 `1 _  D
This image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.公仔箱論壇( U8 j* Y, a6 ^+ Q

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Toquepala Copper Mine, Peru
3 \3 L0 e% C1 f6 Iwww2.tvboxnow.comLocated in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep. 4 x0 K$ z2 r) q2 X* b4 k& D- }
The mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was www2.tvboxnow.com: @, Q$ S% k- ~$ Q- f
constructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center, TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。' F. ^: m4 Z2 B! F2 C& I
heading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space
( d# M2 V7 G: {2 A  K0 a5 Ywww2.tvboxnow.comStation on Sept. 22, 2003.
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$ M, x6 U0 E% u+ wFreeport Mine, Indonesia
' v2 J# p! O  H6 C! N# n$ T- `& O& l0 IThe Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman
- _. I$ u! h  c* l' K2 y  yMountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of
, Z, ~+ D) H6 g) T1 ]TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。the largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is
( Y" e- A7 L* }2 \( TTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。extensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.
5 W6 v, ?6 G! R# K& M9 Q0 i7 MTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。This photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.www2.tvboxnow.com/ D6 Z8 O3 j# ]9 {' l9 Z
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。  ], Z$ y& S; D; |* |6 g: C
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Cananea Mine, Mexico
5 Y2 @$ s6 X& G2 f( i2 e3 QThe Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada
4 b4 a; }1 j5 _+ i3 u公仔箱論壇Pit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains
0 P9 K! S/ E9 C$ E- vgold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock. TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。; t9 Q- Y$ I0 E' c) J1 T
The magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering . t& H% T5 O  c$ ~$ T
the rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.www2.tvboxnow.com& {6 ?6 L2 j, }
A 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the - k. V7 J; P9 A8 D! F8 V
Mexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.
' U1 o) N9 E+ H% J2 @This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.
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TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。3 {* q7 \% f4 K; o& O% ~
Phosphate Mines, Jordan' N, }/ [- f: C0 N0 n% }
Phosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60 % a8 z3 m/ H9 ]! b) L5 w# A
percent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。3 \8 f. e% `- b. l% u# r0 ]
fear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the 公仔箱論壇& b+ g  B& ^- c/ O
point at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.
  e2 E, f: `1 b公仔箱論壇This image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb4 b9 Z4 m# B3 s+ n* Y+ T' U0 @1 n
satellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is 公仔箱論壇! Y, S4 j; U4 X* @1 y6 C
blue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the
/ m9 x5 k; @6 x. r  @3 Z: P" ?lower part of the image that appears striped.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb! w* a3 H2 t* R* p. T  u4 P2 u
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New Cornelia Mine, Arizona  X  o" j" O6 J6 k! }/ h
Copper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured 4 X8 n0 I, u( k0 }0 f
above began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。% t: C* \; y: v# ?& w* u
land just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where 公仔箱論壇. M8 J+ h% ~  v+ c
the metal was extracted.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb+ x; M0 N  Q& c2 F6 C

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Hambach Coal Mines, GermanyTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。$ E; u9 ~, D  @% f0 E
The bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany. www2.tvboxnow.com3 f* S5 a$ @3 B
One of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator 3 A/ k  o  L/ f- j: B* K* v7 n/ d9 \
is twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.
, h, v7 c; f; k2 G! u: qThis image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。' ~5 F/ \7 v1 r, _! l
Aug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are
1 v& ]4 `6 X7 x2 N% E% r9 Ebare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.