}& |' i! J1 k" m8 c: d曼德拉1918年7月18號生於特蘭斯凱的Thembu族酋長家庭,被指定為酋長繼承人,但他放棄「皇位」,並為逃離盲婚啞嫁出走,到約翰內斯堡的大學攻讀法律,並偕同友人Oliver Tambo設立了南非首家黑人律師行。1944年,36歲的曼德拉加入反種族隔離組織非洲民族議會(African National Congress, ANC)。; S, ]" k- p4 J/ Z) k+ R/ \
tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb* k$ U. D5 H- n 反種族隔離 煽動罪下獄* y& g" ^. W, i! w* |8 o4 I
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南非數百年來均由來自荷蘭、英國等地的白人殖民者掌權,剝奪黑人權利,以保持白人經濟優勢及領導的種族隔離政策,早於殖民時代已有;20世紀初南非獨立後,只佔18%人口的白人仍掌控南非政治和所有經濟環節,「種族隔離」更於1948年正式成為國策。tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb5 b1 H- q9 P/ }0 I! h# x, g
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曼德拉領導ANC,以非暴力形式反對種族隔離,但政府屢對示威群眾暴力鎮壓。1960年,南非當局將ANC等解放組織列為非法組織,曼德拉於是領導ANC的武裝分翼,轉入地下抗爭,逃亡兩年後最終被捕。1962年,43歲的曼德拉被控以「煽動罪」等罪,罪成判囚5年,1964年再被加控「陰謀顛覆罪」,改判無期徒刑。% {% X* W& p1 u* @7 ~! W! h0 n
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牢獄生涯的首18年,曼德拉被囚在惡名昭彰的羅本島(Robben Island),生活在極狹小的囚室內,每日被逼做苦役。非人待遇並未磨蝕曼德拉的意志:他在獄中完成回憶錄《走向自由的漫漫長路》(Long Walk to Freedom)的數百頁手稿。被囚後期,曼德拉患上肺結核;外界普遍認為這是曼德拉晚年肺部屢受感染的原因。9 B/ e4 j8 j, F
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被囚在監獄鐵窗之內的曼德拉,成為反種族隔離運動的象徵,得到全球關注;逼於各國的經濟制裁及政治壓力,南非政府於1990年2月釋放曼德拉。' v" z7 n1 V+ z
1 ~2 P" g7 S8 b' \) R" R公仔箱論壇復仇與遺忘之間,還有寛恕 ( R7 p4 B' X& ^* {4 s # ?; }6 O, A$ m% w7 wwww2.tvboxnow.com只佔南非人口不足兩成的白人,在南非實施種族隔離,剝奪有色人種的政治、經濟甚至是基本人權,不擇手段地打壓有色人種的生存空間;曼德拉獲釋,顯示白人政府的種族隔離政策已離結束不遠 ─ 有白人不捨得將享受多年的特權交出,又擔心會被清算,被佔南非人口八成的黑人清算往日惡行;部份黑人則主張向白人復仇,追究到底。 / t* [4 V1 v+ q9 Ywww2.tvboxnow.com ' ]5 I! h7 |" X8 rtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb但曼德拉的立場由始至終沒有改變。他窮畢生之力爭取的,並非黑人或任何一個族群的利益,而是建立多元種族共融的南非,建立一個不論膚色人種,均可平等共處的自由社會。 7 n. ?5 E1 }/ w5 y7 W/ ~9 etvb now,tvbnow,bttvbwww2.tvboxnow.com. v9 c! l; q9 R/ r
對於南非令人不敢回望的過去,曼德拉並沒有選擇逃避;在復仇與遺忘之間,還有寛恕。1990年2月11日下午4點,72歲的曼德拉步出 Victor Verster 監獄。曼德拉如此描述自己踏出囚牢的心情:公仔箱論壇7 W5 G" o3 y0 ?. ~) c1 Z
“As I walked out the door toward the gate that would lead to my freedom, I knew if I didn’t leave my bitterness and hatred behind, I’d still be in prison.”TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。; j: p0 o$ _7 j8 a! W9 ^
It was during those long and lonely years that my hunger for the freedom of my own people became a hunger for the freedom of all people, white and black. A man who takes away another man's freedom is a prisoner of hatred, he is locked behind the bars of prejudice and narrow-mindedness. The oppressed and the oppressor alike are robbed of their humanity.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。: c, s$ X1 J5 w! l
I knew as well as I knew anything that the oppressor must be liberated just as surely as the oppressed. www2.tvboxnow.com+ u! W) G, S0 ~7 O c! F
(Long Walk to Freedom)tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb8 y1 b1 Y0 V# G1 z- F: J- S6 y8 n
Now is the time for all South Africans to stand together against those who, from any quarter, wish to destroy what Chris Hani gave his life for - the freedom of all of us.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。% M3 f4 G/ R5 w
( g7 B n N4 u" C# G公仔箱論壇This is a watershed moment for all of us. We must not let the men who worship war, and who lust after blood, precipitate actions that will plunge our country into another Angola. Chris Hani has made the supreme sacrifice. The greatest tribute we can pay to his life's work is to ensure we win that freedom for all our people. 4 p2 N' @" B3 V) R$ H2 K: Y公仔箱論壇 $ j! v8 M& \- u; M. hwww2.tvboxnow.com
曼德拉的誠摯懇求,使騷亂得以平息,足見曼德拉在南非人民心中的聲望。最終,Hani被殺一事沒有成功挑起戰爭,反促使談判進程加快;武裝份子再加重攻擊,亦再也阻擋不了南非走向平等民主之勢。1993年,曼德拉與克拉克一同獲頒諾貝爾和平獎。1994年,在南非首次白人與黑人均可參與的投票中,曼德拉獲選成為南非第一個黑人總統。 % b$ h& I0 h' p- O$ \tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb . l. m8 i, P9 z+ Y: V1 \; I* b% R3 utvb now,tvbnow,bttvb1 P( ~) g& ~0 n
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: ?! f. R, D" |5 J c6 t; _TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。真相與和解 5 `1 @! B r9 I/ ^TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。1 {; ~: H( E T8 |& E
1995年,曼德拉就任一年後,宣佈成立「真相與和解委員會」,由杜圖大主教主持,審視南非的種族隔離歷史。委員會成立的目的,並非清算壓迫者昔日的暴行,而是希望完整還原那段歷史的真相,透過寛恕,達致真正的種族和解。 5 \+ z5 W" ~4 F+ Stvb now,tvbnow,bttvb; U2 r u% | Z* F0 u7 ~) n! N
委員會有三個任務:梳理清楚1960-1994年在南非發生的人權侵犯事件;讓受害者說出真相,並安排適當賠償;若當年曾參與侵犯人權的壓迫者願意和盤托出,講述所知的全部真相,則確保其可獲有限度特赦,不予追究。曼德拉本人對白人政權的逼迫的寛恕,為參與「真相與和解委員會」聽証的人首先樹立了榜樣。 : L7 ^. X& [7 t; F m% O5 e8 h3 Y& c公仔箱論壇www2.tvboxnow.com2 X& E: r- D$ W5 f c7 I H1 U
「真相與和解委員會」聽取了逾2萬名證人的陳述,使種族隔離時代不少被隱藏於威權下的殘酷真相得以曝光,也使當年的受害者透過講出痛苦得以釋放、使施暴者從寛恕中得到救贖,讓整個南非社會,在真相的基礎上重建互信,為這個國家重建人性精神。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。, {+ r; A" {% q5 u: E1 O
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有不少人批評「真相與和解委會員」輕易放過當年的施暴者。在「真相與和解報告」公開之日,曼德拉有以下發言。tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb! J& b1 b& _! X d6 J! p) A8 g( J' @
We should constantly keep our minds on the broad picture that has emerged. The wounds of the period of repression and resistance are too deep to have been healed by the TRC alone, however well it has encouraged us along that path.# _3 c7 Z% O6 W( r. c
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。" V( B2 i2 b- s6 i4 W/ i' L# i7 ]
It is for those who have suffered losses of different kinds and magnitudes to be afforded reparation, proceeding from the premise that freedom and dignity are the real prize that our sacrifices were meant to attain. Free at last, we are all masters of our destiny.' d8 z9 h% ~* C0 J' S: w* x
地平線上初現的自由,應能鼓勵我們加倍努力。公仔箱論壇( D6 @1 a. X& B. I/ |8 w
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只有通過紀律的群眾運動,才可有勝利的保證。我們呼籲白人同胞加入我們的行列,共同創造新的南非。自由運動也是你們的政治歸宿。我們呼籲國際社會繼續採取行動,孤立這個實行種族隔離制度的政府。國際社會如果現時取消制裁,會使整個消滅種族隔離制度的進程,有夭折的危險。9 O3 Z; V/ k2 J5 O7 X
7 X5 o3 {/ ]* g! F; U' NTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。我們邁進自由的步伐是不可逆轉。我們要堅定信念,不要為恐懼阻擋我們的去路。讓統一、民主和不分膚色的南非實行普選,這是通向和平與種族和諧的唯一道路。 - v2 r4 N, d* h+ h- Ewww2.tvboxnow.com最後,我想引述我在 1964年受審時說過的話。這些話到現在依然適用:我為反對白人統治而抗爭,也為反對黑人統治而抗爭。我珍惜民主與自由社會的理想,每個人都可以和睦共處,每個人都可以獲得平等的生活。我為這理想而生,並希望使之實現。如果有需要,我也準備好為這理想而死。4 W% h2 D( ^( h
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The sight of freedom looming on the horizon should encourage us to redouble our efforts. * p6 {# n4 g0 e公仔箱論壇- S! m/ J4 Q5 z- z8 F
It is only through disciplined mass action that our victory can be assured. We call on our white compatriots to join us in the shaping of a new South Africa. The freedom movement is a political home for you too. We call on the international community to continue the campaign to isolate the apartheid regime. To lift sanctions now would be to run the risk of aborting the process towards the complete eradication of apartheid. , ?5 V) P; a' w }% F6 O0 M! gtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb& h1 B1 m+ d2 p* i
Our march to freedom is irreversible. We must not allow fear to stand in our way. Universal suffrage on a common voters' roll in a united democratic and non-racial South Africa is the only way to peace and racial harmony.www2.tvboxnow.com+ X! _& Q4 ?( D) v8 f
! W' P+ q6 g6 c) v* f: A; c, p& n$ Z$ |TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。In conclusion I wish to quote my own words during my trial in 1964. They are as true today as they were then. I wrote:www2.tvboxnow.com; d4 _7 |( O6 E& O& T: C8 o
'I have fought against white domination and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.' " V9 q$ ~# [% D7 kTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
Nelson Mandela was a giant for justice and a down-to-earth human inspiration. Many around the world were greatly influenced by his selfless struggle for human dignity, equality and freedom. He touched our lives in deeply personal ways. At the same time, no-one did more in our time to advance the values and aspirations of the United Nations. Nelson Mandela showed what is possible for our world and within each one of us - if we believe, dream and work together for justice and humanity. * r4 A/ }0 a2 f. |: f7 [TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
We've lost one of the most influential, courageous and profoundly good human beings that any of us will share time with. He no longer belongs to us, he belongs to the ages... His commitment to transfer power and reconcile with those who jailed him set an example that all humanity should aspire to. 6 S2 F+ o7 r" _* e, k9 e
The world is a better place for Nelson Mandela. He showed in his own character, and inspired in others, many of God's attributes: goodness, compassion, a desire for justice, peace, forgiveness and reconciliation. He was not only an amazing gift to humankind, he made South Africans and Africans feel good about being who we are. He made us walk tall. God be praised.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb; E% G! m; M6 `
A great light has gone out in the world. Nelson Mandela was a hero of our time. I've asked for the flag at No10 to be flown at half mast.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 J3 y5 h2 {7 {9 F: w- ^
Nelson Mandela made history. That of South Africa and the whole world. Nelson Mandela's message will not disappear. It will continue to inspire fighters for freedom, and to give confidence to peoples in the defence of just causes and universal rights. % X, @5 h- }' e9 Ctvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
South Africa has lost one of its founding fathers and one of its greatest sons. Nelson Mandela's courage, charm and commitment to reconciliation and to the Constitution were an inspiration not only for South Africans but for the whole world.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。1 ~( l$ H0 ]; R: K6 t, H$ \
I believe that his example will live on and that it will continue to inspire all South Africans to achieve his vision of non-racialism, justice, human dignity and equality for all. Tata, we shall miss you - but know that your spirit and example will always be there to guide us to the vision of a better and more just South Africa.- E+ F( Y6 y3 z P( D
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4 G- g) L" U9 I: a, @TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。區家麟: 風雨中抱緊自由 ( G. L( v# ?& {www2.tvboxnow.com4 _/ S9 M( t: a+ L
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。% k6 Y0 A/ t8 ]. Q" q
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還記得,那年在南非,是曼德拉當上總統後的一兩年。www2.tvboxnow.com; G# B6 X/ c; w: g
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遇到的每位南非黑人,神采飛揚,眼神閃爍自信,充滿希望;但貧民窟繼續狂亂,城市森林不能久留,白人住別墅有泳池。公仔箱論壇" c; S6 r2 O e! i
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充滿疑惑,說不清,看不明。 $ K! P* [$ T# X9 m$ y7 }& j$ B8 }TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。www2.tvboxnow.com( f E2 k' l5 v% c; y( Z
遊歷的甜美,在看不明白,激發好奇心,我拿起旅館裡破舊的南非歷史故事,在開普敦買了曼德拉自傳 Long Walk to Freedom,瞬間啃下了七百幾頁。tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb0 a# x$ d. V+ t. e, l1 _$ T: @0 q
最後一頁,結語。tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb7 ^3 \/ s/ W/ x5 u. p6 p! e/ g
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面對新時代,權力在手,曼德拉謙遜,尋求大和解,而且做到了:www2.tvboxnow.com3 C3 S5 O! z9 B! S7 I; M0 D1 v- ` n9 A
/ x+ Y. x: F. ?; `- T& E3 D(I have walked that long road to freedom. I have tried not to falter; I have made missteps along the way. But I have discovered the secret that after climbing a great hill, one only finds that there are many hills to climb. I have taken a moment here to rest, to steal a view of the glorious vista that surrounds me, to look back on the distance I have come. But I can rest only for a moment, for with freedom come responsibilities, and I dare not linger, for my long walk is not yet ended.)
借花敬佛,送給那些壯志未竟,仍在艱辛奮鬥的人。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。( L, h$ W$ c. j" S' @1 k